This Day In History 17 Shevat/February 13

17 Shevat

In 5180/1420, Purim of Saragossa was established because of a miracle in the Jewish community of Saragossa, Spain.

Saragossa had 12 kehillos comprising thousands of Jews. Their minhag was to go out to greet the king with sifrei Torah from each kehillah whenever he passed by. At one point, the Rabbanim decided that this was not kvod haTorah, so they ordered the shamashim to remove the holy scrolls from their cases. This way, they could go out to greet the king with the beautiful cases while preserving the honor of the Torah scrolls.

A Jewish apostate who wanted to stir up the king’s wrath against the Jews told the king that when the Jews supposedly take out the sifrei Torah in his honor, the scrolls are not in their cases. That night, Eliyahu Hanavi appeared to the shamash of each of the kehillos and instructed him to return the holy scroll to its case, warning him to tell no one of his dream. Each of the shamashim obeyed, thinking he was the only one to have dreamt the warning. The next day, when the king checked and found that the information was false, he killed the apostate and the Jews were saved.

Yahrtzeiten

5498/1738, Harav Moshe of Kitov, zt”l, a talmid of the Baal Shem Tov

5616/1856, Harav Yechezkel of Kuzmir, zt”l

5628/1868

Harav Chaim Palagi, Zt”l

Harav Chaim was born on 19 Cheshvan 5548/1787 in Izmir, Turkey. His father, Harav Yaakov, was the son-in-law of Harav Yosef Chazzan, the Chikrei Lev.

As a youth, Reb Chaim learned under his grandfather, the Chikrei Lev, and Harav Yitzchak Gatinyu, mechaber of Beis Yitzchak on Rambam, who led the esteemed “Beis Yaakov Rebbe Yeshivah.”

Reb Chaim received semichah at 25 from his esteemed grandfather but refrained from assuming a rabbinical position until he was over 40.

In 5588/1828, after his father’s petirah, Reb Chaim became a Dayan in Izmir, and also served as Rosh Mesivta in the yeshivah. With time, he began serving as Rav, and eventually, in 5615/1855, he became the Chief Rabbi. The government also granted him and his beis din authority, enabling him to truly enforce gidrei haTorah v’hakedushah.

Reb Chaim was known for his sterling character, his nobleness and kindheartedness. He founded a hospital in Izmir, strengthened the Talmud Torah and founded the first kollel of its kind, unique in those days, in which he ensured that the talmidim received their stipend so they could live comfortably.

Reb Chaim was a prolific author with 72 known works. Some of his manuscripts were destroyed in the great fire which struck Izmir in 5601/1841. After the fire, his son, Reb Avraham, sat with him as Reb Chaim recounted by heart the content of some of the manuscripts, thus rewriting them from scratch.

The most famous of his works are Kaf Hachaim and Moed L’chol Chai.

Reb Chaim was niftar on 17 Shevat.

Zechuso yagen aleinu.

Feb. 13

In 1861, Abraham Lincoln was officially declared winner of the 1860 presidential election as electors cast their ballots.

In 1880,& Thomas Edison& observed what became known as the Edison Effect for the first time.&

In 1920, the League of Nations recognized the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland.

In 1945, during World War II, Allied planes began bombing the German city of Dresden. The Soviets captured Budapest, Hungary, from the Germans.