Researchers Develop Genetic Treatment for Deafness

Researchers at Tel Aviv University say they have developed an innovative treatment for deafness, based on the delivery of genetic material into the cells of the inner ear. The genetic material “replaces” the genetic defect and enables the cells to continue functioning normally.

The scientists were able to prevent the gradual deterioration of hearing in mice with a genetic mutation for deafness. They maintain that this novel therapy could lead to a breakthrough in treating children born with various mutations that eventually cause deafness.

Deafness is the most common sensory disability worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, there are about half a billion people with hearing loss around the world today, and this figure is expected to double in the coming decades. One in every 200 children is born with a hearing impairment, and one in every 1,000 is born deaf. In about half of these cases, deafness is caused by a genetic mutation. There are currently about 100 different genes associated with hereditary deafness.

Prof. Karen Avraham, who led the study at the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, said, “In this study we focused on genetic deafness caused by a mutation in the gene SYNE4 – a rare deafness discovered by our lab several years ago in two Israeli families, and since then identified in Turkey and the U.K. as well. Children inheriting the defective gene from both parents are born with normal hearing, but gradually lose their hearing during childhood. This happens because the mutation causes mislocalization of cell nuclei in the hair cells inside the cochlea of the inner ear, which serve as soundwave receptors and are thus essential for hearing. This defect leads to the degeneration and eventual death of hair cells.”

Shahar Taiber, a student in the combined MD-PhD track who worked with Avraham, said, “We implemented an innovative gene therapy technology: We created a harmless synthetic virus and used it to deliver genetic material – a normal version of the gene that is defective in both the mouse model and the affected human families. We injected the virus into the inner ear of the mice, so that it entered the hair cells and released its genetic payload. By so, we repaired the defect in the hair cells, and enabled them to mature and function normally.”

The treatment was administered soon after birth and the mice’s hearing was then monitored using both physiological and behavioral tests. Prof. Jeffrey Holt, from Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, said, “The findings are most promising. Treated mice developed normal hearing, with sensitivity almost identical to that of healthy mice who do not have the mutation.”

Following the successful study, the scientists are currently developing similar therapies for other mutations that cause deafness.

The research team’s paper on their findings was published in EMBO Molecular Medicine.