GDP Growth Cools to 2.6 Percent Annual Rate in Fourth Quarter

Economic growth unexpectedly slowed sharply in the fourth quarter of last year to a modest 2.6 percent annual rate, after a strong six-month stretch raised hopes the U.S. recovery finally was accelerating toward normal.

The data released Friday by the Commerce Department came in well below analyst expectations but still indicated the economy was growing at a solid pace as many nations around the world continue to struggle in the wake of the Great Recession.

“The current pace of economic growth is likely to sustain strong job growth in the coming months and further reduce the unemployment rate,” said Gad Levanon, managing director of macroeconomic and labor-market research at the Conference Board.

But growth from October through December was well off the breakneck pace set from spring through fall. The U.S. economy grew at a 5 percent annual rate in the third quarter and a 4.6 percent rate in the second quarter.

The combined growth rate in those six months was the best since 2003.

Economists didn’t expect the economy to keep up that pace. But the fourth quarter’s 2.6 percent annualized growth rate of gross domestic product, the broadest measure of economic activity, came in well below the 3.2 percent consensus forecast.

Friday’s data were the government’s first estimate for the quarter and the figure could be revised upward in the coming weeks.

The fourth-quarter slowdown meant the economy expanded at a 2.4 percent rate last year, a slight improvement over 2013’s 2.2 percent rate and the best performance since 2010. Growth last year was dragged down by a 2.1 percent contraction in the first quarter caused by severe weather in much of the country.

Plunging oil prices boosted consumer spending in the fourth quarter to its highest level since 2006. Consumer spending increased at a 4.3 percent annual rate, up from a strong 3.2 percent in the third quarter.

But the rising value of the dollar compared with other currencies caused export growth to fall for the second straight quarter.

The pace of growth of business investment also slowed, to 1.9 percent. And government spending declined at an annualized rate of 2.2 percent, led by a steep decline in federal defense outlays.

Federal Reserve policymakers are watching the economic data as they try to decide when to start raising the central bank’s rock-bottom short-term interest rate. After a policy meeting this week, the Fed upgraded its assessment of the economy and signaled it could start raising rates as early as June.

Another report Friday showed American consumer confidence reached an 11-year high in January as gas prices fell and job growth strengthened. The University of Michigan consumer sentiment index rose to 98.1, the highest since January 2004, from 93.6 in December.

Slightly more than half of those surveyed expected economic expansion to continue uninterrupted over the next five years. And in the last six months, confidence levels among those making below $75,000 grew as much as households making above that threshold, the survey said.

But consumers aren’t so optimistic that strong wage growth, a stubbornly missing part of the recovery, will appear. The typical consumer is expecting only modest wage gains, the survey said.

If wage growth doesn’t pick up, it could damper consumer views of the economy.

“Consumers have now turned to wages rather than jobs as the primary characteristic they use to judge the performance of the economy,” University of Michigan economist Richard Curtin said. “Without stronger growth, consumers will increasingly condition their spending on price discounts, adding to disinflationary pressures.”

This article appeared in print in the February 2nd, 2015 edition of Hamodia.